Which of the following is NOT a parenteral route?

• A. Intradermal
• B. Intravenous
• C. Oral
• D. Intramuscular

Answer: (C)

Parenteral routes are those that deliver medication without using the digestive tract, typically by injection into blood or tissue. Intravenous and intramuscular injections place the drug directly into the bloodstream or muscle, bypassing the GI tract entirely. Oral administration, however, involves swallowing the drug, which then passes through the gastrointestinal system and may undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver. Because it uses the digestive tract, oral administration is not a parenteral route. Therefore, the correct choice is the one describing oral administration.