Which therapeutic class is used to reduce the likelihood of seizures in patients with brain trauma or meningitis?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Anticonvulsants (Class)
• C. Antidiarrheals
• D. Bronchodilators

Answer: (B)

Seizure risk rises after brain trauma or meningitis because the damaged or inflamed brain becomes electrically unstable. Anticonvulsants are used to reduce this risk by dampening neuronal excitability. They work by enhancing inhibitory signals in the brain (increase GABA effects) and by stabilizing neuronal membranes, such as by blocking overactive sodium channels, which makes neurons less prone to firing abnormally. This lowers the likelihood of seizures during the vulnerable period after injury or infection. Clinically, anticonvulsants are often given to prevent early seizures after brain injury; long-term use depends on individual risk and tolerance. Antibiotics target infection, antidiarrheals address GI symptoms, and bronchodilators relieve airway constriction—none of these prevent seizures.